trailChronic inflammation and insulin resistance are primary drivers of atherosclerosis independent of LDL
LDL particles accumulating in the arterial wall initiate and drive atherosclerosis
Residual risk beyond LDL· for
Anti-inflammatory therapy reduces cardiovascular events independent of lipid lowering
In the CANTOS trial, canakinumab reduced recurrent cardiovascular events without lowering LDL cholesterol
Colchicine reduces cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease
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Low-dose methotrexate did not reduce cardiovascular events in the CIRT trial
The IL-6 inhibitor ziltivekimab did not reduce cardiovascular events in the ZEUS trial
Insulin resistance is an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Insulin resistance measured by surrogate indices predicts incident cardiovascular events after adjustment for conventional risk factors
Genetically predicted insulin resistance is associated with increased coronary artery disease risk
The cardiovascular risk associated with insulin resistance is largely mediated through atherogenic dyslipidemia and blood pressure
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Pioglitazone reduces the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events
LDL as necessary initiator· against
Randomized trials show lowering LDL cholesterol reduces cardiovascular events proportionally to the reduction achieved
shared · shown elsewhere
claim · empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →claim page ↗︎
Chronic inflammation and insulin resistance are primary drivers of atherosclerosis independent of LDL
✕ContradictedAvailable evidence weighs against the claim.constitution →credence 0.12Credence, from 0 to 1: the Steward's probability that the claim, as stated, is true. Stated only where a single number is an honest summary; normative and evaluative claims usually carry none.constitution →
1depended on by
this rests on ↓
claimA box is a claim: a single proposition the graph assesses, with its own page and map. Click any claim to centre the map on it.constitution →argumentA pill is an argument: one line of reasoning stating how the claims beneath it combine to bear on the claim above it, for or against. Arguments are not destinations; click their claims to explore.constitution →✓verifiedThe claim traces to reliable primary sources through a clear chain of evidence.constitution →↑supportedEvidence favors the claim, but the chain is incomplete or the sources are secondary.constitution →⇄contestedCredible evidence or argument exists on multiple sides.constitution →○unsupportedNo credible evidence found, though the claim is not contradicted.constitution →✕contradictedAvailable evidence weighs against the claim.constitution →?unknownInsufficient information to assess.constitution →◌unassessedNo current assessment. Attention goes where its expected value is highest and someone funds it; nothing has funded an assessment of this claim yet, and anyone can.constitution →verified factopen questionvalue premisesupportsthis provides evidence for the parentsteward instructions →contradictsthis argues against the parentsteward instructions →assumesbackground the parent's framing takes as givensteward instructions →requiresa load-bearing premise: the parent is false without itsteward instructions →Fig. Detail falls off with distance; every claim is an address.