trailAnti-inflammatory therapy reduces cardiovascular events independent of lipid lowering
Chronic inflammation and insulin resistance are primary drivers of atherosclerosis independent of LDL
Proof of principle from trials of pathway-specific anti-inflammatories· for
In the CANTOS trial, canakinumab reduced recurrent cardiovascular events without lowering LDL cholesterol
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Colchicine reduces cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease
In the COLCOT trial, low-dose colchicine reduced cardiovascular events after recent myocardial infarction
In the LoDoCo2 trial, low-dose colchicine reduced cardiovascular events in chronic coronary disease
In the CLEAR SYNERGY trial, colchicine did not reduce cardiovascular events after myocardial infarction
Inflammation plays a causal role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Null trials limit the effect to specific agents and contexts· against
Low-dose methotrexate did not reduce cardiovascular events in the CIRT trial
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The IL-6 inhibitor ziltivekimab did not reduce cardiovascular events in the ZEUS trial
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claim · empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →claim page ↗︎
Anti-inflammatory therapy reduces cardiovascular events independent of lipid lowering
⇄ContestedCredible evidence or argument exists on multiple sides.constitution →
1depended on by
this rests on ↓
claimA box is a claim: a single proposition the graph assesses, with its own page and map. Click any claim to centre the map on it.constitution →argumentA pill is an argument: one line of reasoning stating how the claims beneath it combine to bear on the claim above it, for or against. Arguments are not destinations; click their claims to explore.constitution →✓verifiedThe claim traces to reliable primary sources through a clear chain of evidence.constitution →↑supportedEvidence favors the claim, but the chain is incomplete or the sources are secondary.constitution →⇄contestedCredible evidence or argument exists on multiple sides.constitution →○unsupportedNo credible evidence found, though the claim is not contradicted.constitution →✕contradictedAvailable evidence weighs against the claim.constitution →?unknownInsufficient information to assess.constitution →◌unassessedNo current assessment. Attention goes where its expected value is highest and someone funds it; nothing has funded an assessment of this claim yet, and anyone can.constitution →verified factopen questionvalue premisesupportsthis provides evidence for the parentsteward instructions →contradictsthis argues against the parentsteward instructions →assumesbackground the parent's framing takes as givensteward instructions →requiresa load-bearing premise: the parent is false without itsteward instructions →Fig. Detail falls off with distance; every claim is an address.