trailA combined analysis of muon measurements from nine air-shower experiments finds a muon excess over simulations growing with energy above 10 PeV
Measured air showers contain more muons than simulations with current hadronic interaction models predict
Auger hybrid data are best described when hadronic model predictions are shifted to deeper shower maxima and larger ground-level hadronic signals
Auger measurements show ground-level muon signals well above hadronic interaction model predictions
The muon excess inferred from Auger data depends on the assumed primary composition and model shower-maximum scale
Muon measurements from KASCADE-Grande, EAS-MSU, and Yakutsk are consistent with hadronic interaction model predictions
atomic
assumed
Cosmic-ray flux provides a valid universal reference for cross-calibrating energy scales across air-shower experiments
assumed
Shower-maximum measurements provide a reliable baseline for the composition-dependent muon content expected in air showers
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A combined analysis of muon measurements from nine air-shower experiments finds a muon excess over simulations growing with energy above 10 PeV
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